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Caracas chaos: Venezuelan general on the run. By Philip Sherwell. The Telegraph.
  
06-04-2014

 Caracas chaos: Venezuelan general on the run
By Philip Sherwell -
 Caracas
The Telegraph (go here for a video)
april 5, 2014

Death in the streets, rationing by fingerprints and a general on the run: how oil-rich Venezuela has descended into chaos

The instructions were straight from the pages of a thriller. We were to park our vehicle in an underground car park, leave behind our mobile phones to avoid tracking, walk through a shopping mall and make our way to another garage in the basement.

We followed the directions and were duly greeted by a flash of headlights.

The driver then screeched off a one-hour night-time dash through the protest-filled streets of Caracas, frequently doubling back and stopping to ensure that there was no tail, until we pulled up on a dimly lit suburban road.

A stocky bearded figure, baseball cap pulled low on his brow, hopped in to the front seat. “Good evening,” he said in heavily accented English before giving the driver the address for a nearby safe-house.

 Picture of the general-in-hiding, Antonio Rivero




 

The new passenger was Antonio Rivero, a former general who went into hiding in February to avoid arrest for his role in the protests that have rocked the government of President Nicolas Maduro.

Moving into Spanish, he apologised for the subterfuge involved in our rendezvous.

“These are bad times for our country and we are having to take extraordinary measures,” he said in his first interview since going underground.

Outside, the sounds and smells of a deeply fractured land were inescapable.

Eye-stinging tear gas fired by security forces mixed with smoke from the Molotov cocktails thrown by marchers, while the chants of protestors were punctured by supportive blasts from motorists’ horns.

The student-led unrest began in San Cristobal in Venezuela’s “wild west” near the Colombia border two months ago and has quickly spiralled into a nationwide movement during which at least 39 people have been killed.

The country is mired in a dangerous cycle of economic crisis and violent chaos, polarised between government loyalists in areas heavily dependent on state support and protestors who have taken to the streets over soaring crime rates, surging inflation and shortages of basic goods.

With the world’s largest known oil reserves, Venezuela should be reaping windfall gains. Yet in another sign of its parlous economics, the government has just announced a new rationing system using fingerprint registration to track purchases of subsidised but scarce foodstuffs milk, flour and rice.

Mr Maduro called the programme a “system of secure supply” to foil profiteers in the “economic war” with his foes, but critics said that it was the latest sign that the oil-rich economy is headed toward collapse.

The rancour over “Cubanisation” of Venezuela is a growing theme of the protests. Indeed, what drove Gen Rivero’s rift with his former comrade-in-arms of Hugo Chavez, the late socialist autocrat who even in death still dominates life here, was the import of Cuban officers into the highest echelons of the the military and security services.

 Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro (AFP)

“Maduro’s completely dependent on the Cubans,” the general said. “The root and inspiration of Venezuela’s revolutionary project is Cuba and Chavez chose Maduro as his successor because nobody is more loyal to that project better than Maduro.”

The Telegraph last week witnessed Mr Maduro’s National Guards rolling into San Cristobal, the cradle of these student-led protests, to bulldoze the barricades that were paralysing life there. The Andes mountain city is now a “militarised” zone, effectively occupied land inside the country’s own borders.

The crackdown came straight out the playbook of the Cuban advisers, said Gen Rivero. “The repression of dissent, the crushing of protest, the use of armed paramilitary groups - this is all from the Cuban model. My fear is that the government will unleash an even greater military action against its own people.”

The general is now a prominent figure in the opposition Popular Will party.

Its leader Leopoldo Lopez, a charismatic young Harvard-educated economist, has been held in solitary confinement in a military jail since surrendering in February.

Mr Lopez, 42, who was formally charged on Friday with inciting violence, arson and damage to property, is allowed to meet his lawyer and his wife, Lilian Tintori, 35, a former television presenter and kitesurfing champion, and their two young children.

Their one-year-old son, also called Leopoldo, just took his first faltering steps in his father’s cell, a small room with a bathroom, bed and table and two grilled windows high in the walls.

In written answers from his prison to questions relayed on behalf of The Telegraph by a representative, he denounced the government for “a systematic attempt to remove any leader who might pose a political threat”.

He said: “The truth is this government’s worst enemy - so it is attempting to gag every voice that speaks out. This is the strategy of a government that is fearful of its own legitimacy - and has concluded that the only way to maintain power is to remove its opponents entirely.

“When I called for - and participated in - peaceful protest, the government called for my arrest. One of the initial charges against me was the murder of several protestors. When video showed that the shots were fired from the direction of security forces, the government dropped that charge - but it has pursued other claims that are equally absurd and lacking in evidence.”

He issued a dire warning to the international community about his country’s woes “The world needs to know that the abuses of Venezuela’s government have put us on a path toward economic collapse and social devastation, with implications that will spread beyond our borders,” he said.

 Leopoldo Lopez kisses his wife during a demonstration before turning himself into the police (AFP)

And he said that “the streets” were the now only option to force the ouster of Mr Maduro, although he insisted on the need for peaceful protests. That stance put him at odds with some other opposition leaders who have favoured a less confrontational tone - notably Henrique Capriles, who lost last April’s presidential election to Mr Maduro by a wafer-thin margin amid widespread reports of intimidation and irregularities.

Asked why he believed Venezuela had now reached breaking point, Mr Lopez said: “Pages could be written about the economic, political and social problems that underpin our protest, but I will sum it up with a single word - hope.

“The lack of hope for a better future - and the deep desire to restore hope in our lives - has brought people to the streets.

“Venezuela has one of the highest murder rates in the world. Inflation is 57%. There are severe shortages of basic goods such as milk and toilet paper - largely driven by the government’s mismanagement of the foreign exchange system.

“Civil institutions such as the electoral and judiciary system have been utterly corrupted by the ruling government, which has ruthlessly persecuted all forms of disagreement. We are currently living a media blackout.”

Indeed, the mayors of two cities that have witnessed some of the most serious protests have also been jailed during the crackdown for failing to order the clearance of protestors’ barricades that brought their cities to a standstill.

 Members of the PNB face off with demonstrators during a protest in Caracas (EPA)

And Amnesty International has released a damning report compiling dozens of allegations of human rights violations committed during the protests, including the security forces’ excessive use of firearms and even torture when dealing with protesters. It also highlights the role of armed pro-government paramilitary groups called ’colectivos’ who protestors say are responsible for the worst violence.

Even the country’s Roman Catholic Church accused the government of “totalitarian” tendencies and “brutal repression” of demonstrators in a surprisingly strong attack.

Monsignor Diego Padron, who heads Venezuela’s conference of bishops, said the “principal cause” of the crisis was the government’s attempt to implant “the fatherland plans” blueprint bequeathed by Mr Chavez. “Within it they are hiding the promotion of a totalitarian-style system of government, putting in doubt its democratic credentials,” he said.

But Mr Maduro made clear that he was in no mood for concessions in an opinion article - entitled, to the disbelief of many Venezuelans, “A call for peace” - in The New York Times. He said that the government was ready for dialogue, but then portrayed his foes as an angry mob intent on a US-backed coup d’etat.

“The protesters have a single goal: the unconstitutional ouster of the democratically elected government,” he wrote.”Those with legitimate criticisms of economic conditions or the crime rate are being exploited by protest leaders with a violent, antidemocratic agenda” He accused foreign media of “distortion” and claimed progress for the country in reducing poverty, health care and education.

But even Mr Maduro admitted that the government has “confronted” serious economic challenges, including shortages and inflation, and “struggled” with a high crime rate - without offering any explanation why - but insisted that they were being tackled with a new exchange rate policy and revamped police force.

For an international audience, however, he refrained from his favourite description in domestic speeches and interviews with loyal media of protestors as “terrorists” who are either plotting a coup or trying to foment violence to justify US intervention.

 Leopoldo Lopez during a demonstration in Caracas (AFP)

Mr Lopez is accustomed to such denunciations. “The government wants to distract people from its role in driving the mess we are in, by inventing ghosts to chase,” he said. “One of those ghosts is the fiction that a foreign power is responsible for the situation we are in.”

Ms Tintori has meanwhile emerged as the political voice of her husband.

“Our fight is not only to see Leopoldo freed, our fight is for all the Venezuelan people people for a resolution to repair and save our country,” she told The Telegraph.

“We don’t just want Leopoldo’s freedom, we need to see all the students and the mayors set free, the end of repression and the restoration of law.”

“What we’re experiencing is Venezuela just horrible, we have murders, political prisoner, students in jail, no law in our streets. We don’t wish these things for anyone and we are thankful for all the support that other people and countries can give us.”

She was talking at the family home where her husband’s books, including several biographies of Simon Bolivar, the anti-colonial independence hero, are piled against the walls. The irony is lost on nobody that Mr Lopez is a blood descendant of Bolivar, whom Mr Chavez expropriated as a founding father of Venezuela, even renaming the country the Bolivarian Republic.

As we discussed the country’s future, their four-year-old daughter Manuela watched cartoons on television. “She knows the truth, she is proud of her father and I know that in the future she’s going to be more proud of him,” said Ms Tintori.

For Mr Lopez, there are now clear conditions for any dialogue with the Maduro administration. “The government must end its persecution of opposition figures, release political prisoners and allow for full political participation of all who disagree,” he said.

“It should dismantle the ’colectivos’ that have created a climate of terror and intimidation among the population. And it should restore and support the independence of institutions such as the judiciary, the electoral system and the media.”

While he waited to learn whether prosecutors would pursue charges or drop them, Gen Rivero told the Telegraph that he had no intention of surrendering and that, if necessary, he would go into exile abroad to pursue his campaign against “Cubanisation”.

Mr Chavez, a loyal devotee of Havana’s former communist supremo Fidel Castro, turned to Cuba to help him impose his socialist “revolution”, sending heavily-discounted oil to the economically moribund island in return for tens of thousands of military experts and doctors.

He anointed Mr Maduro, who trained in Cuba, as his successor as he lay dying of cancer in a Havana hospital room. But it was Castro and his brother Raul who signed off on the decision.

“Now it’s time for Venezuela to say enough,” said Gen Rivero. “I have no direct contact with my wife, my family, the party leadership or the students, but I can send messages or meet others in safe houses. It’s a sacrifice but it is worth it for the sake of our country.”

And is he worried about showing his face to us? He pulled from his pocket a woman’s foundation make-up kit. “Don’t worry,” he said. “I change my appearance a lot.”

________________

 

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